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0502
Experiment P14: Collision - Impulse & Momentum
(Force Sensor, Motion Sensor)

PURPOSE
The purpose of this laboratory activity is to study an elastic collision and to measure the change in momentum during the collision and the integral of the force over the time of the collision.

THEORY
When an object strikes a barrier, the force on the object varies as the collision occurs.  The change of momentum of the object can be calculated in two ways:  
-  Using the initial and final velocities:
              delta p = mvf - m(-vc) = mvf + mvc

-  Using the net force and time of impact:
              delta p = Integral F dt

An abrupt hard collision takes less time than a cushioned collision but the force is greater for the hard collision than for the soft collision. It is possible for the object to undergo the same change in momentum independent of the type of collision.

PROCEDURE
For this activity, the motion sensor will measure the motion of a cart before and after it collides with a bumper that is mounted on the front of a force sensor. The force sensor will measure the force during the collision. The Science Workshop program calculates the velocity of the cart before and after the collision, and the integral of force over time during the collision. Please refer to the lab manual for a detailed procedure.

Science - Stretching the Boundaries
(Science Workshop 2.2)
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